TABLE 1
Lower Motor Neuron and Upper Motor Neuron Signs in Four CNS Regions

	Brainstem	Cervical	Thoracic	Lumbosacral
Lower motor neuron signs weakness, atrophy, fasciculations	jaw, face, palate, tongue, larynx	neck, arm, hand, diaphragm	back, abdomen	back, abdomen, leg, foot
Upper motor neuron signs pathologic spread of reflexes, clonus, etc.	clonic jaw gag reflex exaggerated snout reflex pseudobulbar features forced yawning pathologic DTR's spastic tone	clonic DTR's Hoffman reflex pathologic DTR's spastic tone preserved reflex in weak wasted limb	loss of superficial abdominal reflexes pathologic DTR's spastic tone	clonic DTR's - extensor plantar response pathologic DTR's spastic tone preserved reflex in weak wasted limb

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